What is a practical example of a connection-oriented protocol?

A practical example of a connection-oriented protocol is best illustrated through establishing a phone call where you hear "hello" before speaking. This scenario represents key characteristics of connection-oriented protocols, which establish a dedicated connection between two endpoints before transmitting data.

In this case, when you initiate a phone call, a connection is formed between your phone and the recipient's phone, ensuring that both parties are ready to communicate. The exchange of initial greetings signals that the connection is active and that data (in this case, your voice) can now be transmitted effectively and in the correct order without loss. This mirrors how connection-oriented protocols, like TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), set up a reliable connection that guarantees delivery and order of packets.

Other scenarios, such as sending a text message, email communication, or streaming a video online, typically utilize connectionless protocols or protocols that do not require an established connection before sending data. Text messages and emails may be sent without first establishing a dedicated line between the sender and receiver. Streaming video, while often requiring a connection, can still operate under a paradigm where packets may arrive out of order or be lost without needing to establish a formal connection beforehand.